CARBURETOR VS FUEL INJECTION

                        CARBURETOR VS FUEL INJECTION

Which offers the best performance, carburetor or fuel injection, is highly debated question among car enthusiasts. Many believe that performance is best with a carburetor while others insist that the only way to go is with fuel injection gasoline. To determine which is best for your vehicle, it's important to understand how both components work. 

Engine Performance

The carburetor and fuel injection performance is mainly due to the amount of air and gasoline that can enter into the engine cylinders. The cylinders contain the pistons and combustion chambers where energy is released from the combustion of gasoline. The carburetor and fuel injection system will both feed fuel and air into the engine.

The Carburetor

The carburetor contains jets that will push the gas into the combustion chambers. The amount of fuel that can flow through these jets depends completely on the amount of air that can be pulled into the carburetor venture. The main issue with obtaining the best performance using a carburetor is that it can't monitor the air to fuel ratio for each individual cylinder. If there was a carburetor for each cylinder then this would not be an issue. So with a carburetor, the best fuel to air ratio for each cylinder is approximated for the best performance. However, carburetors do last longer than fuel injection systems and are favored in motor sports. Carburetors are also much simpler to install than fuel injection systems, because there are no electrical components or return lines to the fuel tank. The carburetor is currently much less expensive than the electronic fuel injection systems.

Fuel Injection Systems

Fuel injection systems are becoming more popular for those wanting the best performance from their engines. There are two different versions of fuel injection - port fuel injection and direct injection. Port fuel injection is the most commonly used and direct fuel injection is the latest developed fuel injection system. This system was designed specifically for four or two stoke engines. The main benefits to using direct injection is that the amount of fuel and air can be perfectly released and then injected into the cylinder according to the engine load conditions. The electronics used in the system will calculate this information and constantly adjust. This type of controlled fuel injection results in a higher power output, greater fuel efficiency and much lower emissions. One of the main issues is that these systems are sophisticated and will cost much more than a carburetor. Installation is more complicated as it uses an electrical component and custom cylinder head configuration.

Which Is Best?

It is fairly obvious that most automobiles will be changing to fuel injection systems due to the lower emissions. However, unless the cost of these systems decreases significantly then there will still be a massive following that will stick to carburetors. When looking at pure horsepower, the fuel injection system only delivers about 10 extra horsepower at peak. It is the ability to constantly be tuning the fuel and air intake for each cylinder that benefits the performance. The fuel injection systems are the best as they will decrease vibration and help to overcome steep grades that are traditional terrain for off-roading. Again, which one is best completely depends on where and how you're driving.

YAMAHA

                                          YAMAHA

Yamaha Motorcycles, under this motto, employing all its creativity, and with a very strong spirit of challenge, became what it is now: one of the biggest players in the worldwide motorcycling scene.

But Yamaha's history doesn't start with motorcycles...

It is back in 1877 that Torakusu Yamaha started with the Nippon Gakki Company that later would become Yamaha Corporation: an important manufacturer of fine musical instruments.

As the company grew, they explored several fields of opportunity in the textile industry and others.

During the World War II, the company set up a factory to produce airplane propellers. This plant played an important role in Yamaha's entry to the motorcycle industry as you will see.

After the war, Yamaha Corporation had to find new ways to use the tooling and experience that had been accumulated during their times in the airplane industry, and it was then when Yamaha Motor Corporation was founded.

It's important to mention that even though this new company was just another branch of Yamaha Corporation, it was placed under an independent management. In this case, under the guidance of Ginichi Kawakami; which turned out to be a brilliant move.

Before producing their first motorcycle, Ginichi Kawakami traveled a lot establishing what would be very useful relationships. He also sent out his engineers to Europe and had them learn how to build motorcycles, particularly from DKW; with whom they kept an underground and unofficial long lasting relationship.

One proof of this is that nowadays, the only two manufacturers in the world of mass-produced five side-valve engines are Yamaha an Audi (DKW - Auto Union).

One of the most important legacies from this international relationships were all the skills learnt by Yamaha's engineers on two stroke engines know-how. Other manufacturers as Suzuki would not reach the same level of development in this area till seven years later.

Not to wonder why the first bike from Yamaha Motorcycles the 125 YA-1 was fairly a faithful copy of the 1949 DKW RT 12. The only two important differences were the four speed gearbox instead of the original three speed gearbox, and a gear transmission replacing the primary chain drive.

IMPORTANT MODEL FROM YAMAHA MOTORCYCLES

Yamaha YA-1

Even though the Yamaha YA-1 - baptized "Acatombo" (Red dragonfly) by its fans - had "nothing in special" and was more expensive than its competitors, it almost immediately became a great success.

It was reliable: before putting it into the market, the prototypes were tested along 10,000 miles of rough rides . Even the big boss himself, Ginichi Kawakami, rode the bike without any incident from Hamamatsu to Tokyo.

It was beautiful: with this model Yamaha was the first manufacturer to put special attention to the decoration of the motorcycle. This task was given to GK Design in Tokyo. It's worth mentioning that this firm has designed the "look" of most Yamaha motorcycles to date.

It was fast: the YA-1 obtained excellent overall results in the most important local races of that time: Mount Fuji (third place) and Mount Asama (first place).

In fact it was this aggressive attitude in the sporting world that helped Yamaha Motorcycles gain fast acceptance even though they made a late start in the motorcycle scene (in comparison to Honda and Suzuki).

In other words: Yamaha Motorcycles showed the world they had arrived to be considered good and fierce competitors from the beginning. Particularly to Honda and Suzuki.

Other important models from that time were:

The Yamaha YD-1 (the competition for the Suzuki TP of that time)

Some technical specifications:

Yamaha YD-1

15 hp 70 mph. 185,000 yen

in comparison to:

Suzuki TP

18 hp 80 mph. 195,000 yen

The Yamaha YDS-1

The dream bike of all young Japanese between 1959-1960.

Some technical specifications:

20 hp 333 lbs. 85 mph.

Direct rival of the Honda CB72

Since then, the history of models and victories goes on and on...

Today, Yamaha Motorcycles is one of the major players in the worldwide motorcycling scene. Just to give you an idea of how important Yamaha Motorcycles have become:

- The 2004 Moto GP was won by excellent rider Valentino Rossi on
a Yamaha motorcycle.

FUEL INJECTION

                                         FUEL INJECTION   

Fuel injection is a system that supplies a vehicle's fuel directly into the cylinders of into the intake manifold of the engine, eliminating the need for a carburetor. This intake manifold found ahead of the cylinders in most fuel injected engines. How much gas is supplied to the engine is monitored by electronic sensors that ensure that the correct amount is available to meet the speed required. As long as the electronic sensor is working properly within the system, the chances of the automobile engine choking or flooding are almost non-existent.

There are some variations on the actual components of fuel injection systems. For example, throttle body systems will have the actual injectors located in the throttle body housing, where they supply the fuel to the intake manifold first. Single point systems provide the fuel directly to the cylinders from a single injector, while multi-port fuel injection systems will use a ratio of one injector for each cylinder in the engine. While there is some disagreement about which variation is more efficient, most supporters believe that any of the methods will provide a superior fuel and air mixture than the use of a carburetor.

To make sure that the fuel properly mixes with air and also reaches the combustion chamber efficiently, a pump will provide pressure to the injectors. The electronic sensor uses the pressure of the pump to help regulate the amount of fuel that is injected at any given time. The pump responds directly to the amount of pressure applied to the gas pedal, which will then engage the electronic sensor and ensure that the correct amount of fuel is injected to allow the car to accelerate or maintain its speed.
While engines using fuel injection tend to have fewer operational issues than those that have a carburetor, the process for isolating and repairing a problem can be more costly. Still, the benefits ofengine efficiency coupled with a more economic use of fuel, make the system very attractive to many automobile owners. As the technology continues to be refined, the incidence of engine trouble will probably decrease even further.

KAWASAKI NINJA 300

                                  KAWASAKI NINJA 300

Standard                                                                                    296cc, Petrol, Manual, 26 kmpl*

Rs. 3,60,916

Kawasaki Ninja 300 - Standard Specifications

Features

Speedometer	Digital
Tachometer	Yes
Tachometer Type	Analogue
Shift Light	Yes
Electric Start	Yes
Tripmeter	Yes
No Of Tripmeters	2
Tripmeter Type	Digital
Low Fuel Indicator	Yes
Low Oil Indicator	Yes
Low Battery Indicator	Yes

Colors

Pearl Stardust White, Lime Green

Fuel Gauge	Yes
Digital Fuel Gauge	Yes
Pillion Seat	Yes
Pillion Footrest	Yes
Pillion Backrest	No
Pillion Grabrail	Yes
Stand Alarm	Yes
Stepped Seat	Yes
Antilock Braking System	No
Killswitch	Yes
Clock	Yes

Specs

Engine
Displacement (cc)	296
Cylinders	2
Max Power	39 bhp @ 11000 rpm
Maximum Torque	27 Nm @ 10000 rpm
Bore (mm)	62
Stroke (mm)	49
Valves Per Cylinder	4
Fuel Delivery System	Fuel Injection
Fuel Type	Petrol
Ignition	TCBI with Digital Advance
Spark Plugs (Per Cylinder)	1
Cooling System	Liquid Cooled
Transmission
Gearbox Type	Manual
No Of Gears	6
Transmission Type	Chain Drive
Clutch	Slipper and self-servo wet multiplate clutch mecha
Dimensions & Weight
Kerb Weight (Kg)	172
Overall Length (mm)	2015
Overall Width (mm)	715
Overall Height (mm)	1110
Wheelbase (mm)	1405
Ground Clearance (mm)	140
Seat Height (mm)	785
Fuel Efficiency & Range
Fuel Tank Capacity (Litres)	17
Reserve Fuel Capacity (Litres)	4.5
FuelEfficiency Overall (Kmpl)	26
Fuel Efficiency Range (Km)	435

Chassis & Suspension
Chassis Type	Steel tube diamond frame
Front Suspension	Telescopic Hydraulic Fork
Rear Suspension	Bottom-Link Uni-Trak with gas-charged shock and 5-
Braking
Brake Type	Disc
Front Disc	Yes
Front Disc/Drum Size (mm)	290
Rear Disc	Yes
Rear Disc/Drum Size (mm)	220
Calliper Type	2-Piston Caliper
Wheels & Tyres
Wheel Size (inches)	17
Front Tyre	110/70-17
Rear Tyre	140/70-17
Tubeless Tyres	Yes
Radial Tyres	Yes
Alloy Wheels	Yes
Electricals
Electric System	--
Battery	Maintenance Free
Headlight Type	Bulb and Reflector Type
Headlight Bulb Type	55/60W halogen
Brake/Tail Light	LED Tail Lamp
Turn Signal	Yes
Pass Light	Yes
Performance
0 to 60 kmph (Seconds)	2.56
0 to 80 kmph (Seconds)	--
0 to 40 m (Seconds)	--
Top Speed (Kmph)	160
60 to 0 Kmph (Seconds, metres)	15.8
80 to 0 kmph (Seconds, metres)	--

BAJAJ PULSAR 135 VS HERO IGNITOR

                 BAJAJ PULSAR 135 VS HERO IGNITOR

HERO IGNITOR

                                          HERO IGNITOR

Drum Brake                                                                      125cc, Petrol, Manual, 62 kmpl*	Rs. 61,005
Disc Brake 125cc, Petrol, Manual, 62 kmpl*	Rs. 63,107

Hero Ignitor - Specifications

Features

Speedometer	Digital
Tachometer	Yes
Tachometer Type	Analogue
Shift Light	--
Electric Start	Yes
Tripmeter	Yes
No Of Tripmeters	--
Tripmeter Type	Digital
Low Fuel Indicator	Yes
Low Oil Indicator	Yes
Low Battery Indicator	No

Colors

Pearl White, Sports Red, Vibrant Blue, Panther Bla

Fuel Gauge	Yes
Digital Fuel Gauge	No
Pillion Seat	--
Pillion Footrest	Yes
Pillion Backrest	No
Pillion Grabrail	Yes
Stand Alarm	No
Stepped Seat	Yes
Antilock Braking System	No
Killswitch	No
Clock	Yes

Specs

Engine
Displacement (cc)	125
Cylinders	1
Max Power	11 bhp @ 8000 rpm
Maximum Torque	11 Nm @ 5000 rpm
Bore (mm)	52
Stroke (mm)	58
Valves Per Cylinder	2
Fuel Delivery System	C.V Type with CCVI (Carburetor controlled with var
Fuel Type	Petrol
Ignition	Digital CDI
Spark Plugs (Per Cylinder)	1
Cooling System	Air Cooled
Transmission
Gearbox Type	Manual
No Of Gears	5
Transmission Type	Chain Drive
Clutch	Wet Multiplate Type
Dimensions & Weight
Kerb Weight (Kg)	129
Overall Length (mm)	2010
Overall Width (mm)	710
Overall Height (mm)	1095
Wheelbase (mm)	1270
Ground Clearance (mm)	175
Seat Height (mm)	795
Fuel Efficiency & Range
Fuel Tank Capacity (Litres)	9
Reserve Fuel Capacity (Litres)	1.4
FuelEfficiency Overall (Kmpl)	62
Fuel Efficiency Range (Km)	558

Chassis & Suspension
Chassis Type	Tubelar, Diamond Type
Front Suspension	Telescopic Hydraulic Shock Absorbers
Rear Suspension	Swing Arm with adjustable hydraulic shock absorber
Braking
Brake Type	Drum
Front Disc	No
Front Disc/Drum Size (mm)	180
Rear Disc	No
Rear Disc/Drum Size (mm)	130
Calliper Type	--
Wheels & Tyres
Wheel Size (inches)	17
Front Tyre	80/100 x 17 - M/C 46 P
Rear Tyre	100/90 x 17 - M/C 55P
Tubeless Tyres	Yes
Radial Tyres	No
Alloy Wheels	Yes
Electricals
Electric System	--
Battery	12 V - 3 Ah, MF Battery
Headlight Type	Multi- Reflector
Headlight Bulb Type	35 W /35 W - Halogen Bulb ( Multi Reflector Type )
Brake/Tail Light	5 W /21 W - Halogen Bulb ( Multi Reflector Type )
Turn Signal	10 W x 4 nos
Pass Light	Yes
Performance
0 to 60 kmph (Seconds)	6.5
0 to 80 kmph (Seconds)	--
0 to 40 m (Seconds)	--
Top Speed (Kmph)	100
60 to 0 Kmph (Seconds, metres)	--
80 to 0 kmph (Seconds, metres)	--

PULSAR 400 SS

                                        PULSAR 400 SS

Features :

Displacement	373.2 cc
Maximum Power	44 Bhp @ 9500 rpm (Expected)
Maximum Torque	35 Nm @ 7250 rpm (Expected)
Gearbox	6 Speed

Things we Like and Dislike about Bajaj Pulsar 400 SS

For:

• Looks & Style
• Technology
• Good Build Quality
• Good Value for Money
• Vast Service Network

Against:

• Controversial Looks
• Delayed Launch

VEHICLE SUMMARY
Type	Sports
Shades	Yellow/Black, Red/Black, Blue/Black, All-Black
ENGINE, POWER & TORQUE
Displacement	373.2 cc
Maximum Power	44 Bhp @ 9500 rpm (Expected)
Maximum Torque	35 Nm @ 7250 rpm (Expected)
Engine Description	Single Cylinder, 4-stroke, Triple Spark
Cooling	Liquid Cooling
TRANSMISSION
Gearbox	6 Speed
BRAKES
Front Brake	300mm Disc (Expected)
Rear Brake	230mm Disc (Expected)
SUSPENSION
Front Suspension	Telescopic suspension
Rear Suspension	Monoshock

WHEELS & TYRES
Wheel Size	Metzeler Tyres
Wheel Type	Alloys
BATTERY
Battery Type	Maintenance Free
INSTRUMENT CONSOLE
Speedometer	Digital
Tachometer	Analog
Trip Meter	Digital
Odometer	Digital
Clock	Digital
Fuel Gauge	Digital

2-STROKE ENGINE

                             2-STROKE ENGINE

Why Two Stroke?

Because a 2-stroke engine fires twice for every firing of a 4-Stroke engine. This means that the 2-stroke engine has potentially up to twice the output of a 4-stroke engine of the same displacement. Because it does twice the work at the same rpm, it also makes does it with half the parasitic friction (all else being equal). Eg. when both types were available on the market, no 125cc 4-stroke motorcycle ever makes as much power and/or weigh as little as a 125cc 2-stroke bike.

The problem with 2-Stroke designs...

However, the 2-stroke engine has many traditional short comings, some of them utter show stoppers. To begin with 2-stroke engines usually burn a premix of lubricant oil and fuel. This is because they tend to use the crank case is a piston pump to push the intake charge into the combustion chamber when both the intake and exhaust ports are open. This means that instead of having lubrication oil in the crankcase, they must fill it with a fuel, air and oil mixture. This is a serious problem because with enough oil content in the mixture to lubricate the load bearing main bearings, journal bearings and wrist pins, the mixture will burn in a smoky manner and is guaranteed to fail modern emission standards. Despite this, lubrication is still poor compared to 4-stroke engines leading to 2-stroke motors wearing out twice to three times as quickly as 4-cycle engines. To make matters worse, because both the intake and exhaust ports must be open concurrently at some point, 2-stroke cycles must either exhale the exhaust gases incompletely or over aspirate the intake charge such at a portion of the fuel-air mixture escapes into the exhaust. The former leads to reduced power output from not having enough air to burn all the fuel in the mixture. The latter leads to wasted fuel going straight into the exhaust. Both further compromises hydrocarbon emissions and lead to reduced fuel efficiency. As if that is not enough, the use of tuned exhaust systems provide a back pressure pulse to help achieve a balance between the two aforementioned problems also leads to a very narrow rpm range where the engine is optimally powerful, efficient and clean running. Even when everything is perfect, at the ideal rpm and load range, because both ports are on the lower lower of the cylinder scavenging is never as complete as a 4-stroke engine due to dead spots on the upper part of the combustion chamber and some degree of inefficiency cannot be avoided. All it all, inferior fuel economy, lousy emissions, poor longevity and narrow power bands have condemned the traditional 2-stroke engine to garden blowers and RC models. In fact, in many countries 2-stroke engines are outright banned not just on cars, but motorcycles and Jet Skis alike.



Direct Injected SPOHV Engine Changes Everything

Here I am presenting a concept that changes everything while retaining the advantageous of a 2-stroke design. The engine uses an overhead valve and side exhaust ports. Fueling is by means of direct gasoline injection during the compression stroke. It uses a wet sump lubrication system for the main bearings, journal bearings, wrist pins and part of the cylinder walls. The crankcase is filled with oil like a 4-stroke engine and is not used to pump a fuel-air-oil charge into the combustion chamber. Instead aspiration is enabled by an external centrifugal supercharger. The engine operates on a hybrid 2-stroke / Miller Cycle in that the intake valve stays open during a good portion of upward travel of the piston after the exhaust ports have closed. This results in an air charge that is above atmospheric pressure when the intake valve closes making this a true force induction engine. It also creates an asymmetrical compression and power stroke with the latter being longer than the former for superior combustion efficiency very much like Atkinson and Miller Cycle 4-stroke engines.

HONDA CB TRIGGER

                             HONDA CB TRIGGER

Standard                                                                                       149cc, Petrol, Manual, 60 kmpl*	Rs. 68,263(ex-showroom)
DLX 149cc, Petrol, Manual, 60 kmpl*	Rs. 71,648(ex-showroom)
CBS 149cc, Petrol, Manual, 60 kmpl*	Rs. 78,046(ex-showroom)

Honda CB Trigger - Specifications

Features

Speedometer	Digital
Tachometer	Yes
Tachometer Type	Digital
Shift Light	--
Electric Start	Yes
Tripmeter	Yes
No Of Tripmeters	2
Tripmeter Type	Digital
Low Fuel Indicator	Yes
Low Oil Indicator	Yes
Low Battery Indicator	Yes

Colors

Black, Meteor Green Metallic, Pearl Siena Red

Fuel Gauge	Yes
Digital Fuel Gauge	Yes
Pillion Seat	--
Pillion Footrest	Yes
Pillion Backrest	No
Pillion Grabrail	Yes
Stand Alarm	Yes
Stepped Seat	No
Antilock Braking System	No
Killswitch	No
Clock	Yes

Specs

Engine
Displacement (cc)	149
Cylinders	1
Max Power	14 bhp @ 8500 rpm
Maximum Torque	12.5 Nm @ 6500 rpm
Bore (mm)	63
Stroke (mm)	47
Valves Per Cylinder	2
Fuel Delivery System	Carb
Fuel Type	Petrol
Ignition	Spark-Ignition
Spark Plugs (Per Cylinder)	1
Cooling System	Air Cooled
Transmission
Gearbox Type	Manual
No Of Gears	5
Transmission Type	Constant Mesh, 5 Speed Gear
Clutch	Wet Multiplate Type
Dimensions & Weight
Kerb Weight (Kg)	137
Overall Length (mm)	2045
Overall Width (mm)	757
Overall Height (mm)	1060
Wheelbase (mm)	1325
Ground Clearance (mm)	175
Seat Height (mm)	780
Fuel Efficiency & Range
Fuel Tank Capacity (Litres)	12
Reserve Fuel Capacity (Litres)	1.3
FuelEfficiency Overall (Kmpl)	60
Fuel Efficiency Range (Km)	720

Chassis & Suspension
Chassis Type	Advance Design Diamond Frame
Front Suspension	Telescopic Suspension
Rear Suspension	Monosuspension
Braking
Brake Type	Disc
Front Disc	Yes
Front Disc/Drum Size (mm)	240
Rear Disc	Yes
Rear Disc/Drum Size (mm)	220
Calliper Type	--
Wheels & Tyres
Wheel Size (inches)	17
Front Tyre	80/100-17
Rear Tyre	110/80-17
Tubeless Tyres	Yes
Radial Tyres	No
Alloy Wheels	Yes
Electricals
Electric System	--
Battery	12V - 4 Ah
Headlight Type	Multi-Reflector Type
Headlight Bulb Type	35/35 W
Brake/Tail Light	LED Light
Turn Signal	Yes
Pass Light	Yes
Performance
0 to 60 kmph (Seconds)	6
0 to 80 kmph (Seconds)	--
0 to 40 m (Seconds)	--
Top Speed (Kmph)	110
60 to 0 Kmph (Seconds, metres)	--
80 to 0 kmph (Seconds, metres)	--